Ultrasound Frontiers: 3D Doppler, Automatic Fetal Biometry, Handheld Ultrasound

Ultrasound frontiers are infinitive and some recent developments are discussed in this review. The author aims to provide the reader with the definition of 3D Doppler and its potential clinical applications. It also describes automatic fetal biometry and discusses clinical potentials of handheld ultrasound. The rapid development of these new sonographic techniques will continue to enlarge the scope of ultrasound applications in obstetrics and gynecology. 3D Doppler is a unique technique that enables assessment of vascular signals within the whole investigated area. Homodynamic changes included in the process of placentation are one of the most exciting topics in the investigation of early human development. The measurement errors produced by automated fetal biometry translate into very small errors regarding gestational age of the fetus. The automation of ultrasound measurements has great potentials in improving productivity and patient throughput, enhancing accuracy and consistency of measurements and reducing the risk of repetitive stress injuries users. Handheld ultrasound exam is reliable in making initial diagnosis required by the limited ultrasound exam in obstetrics and gynecology.